会计英语考试材料

一、英译汉

1、This paper examines the role of corporate governance in bank loan financing using all A - share publicly traded companies in China. Specifically, we investigate the effect of corporate governance on firm’ ability to raise bank loans and the cost of their bank loans. The results show that corporate governance has no significant effect on firms’ ability to raise either short - term bank loans or long - term bank loans. Firms’ ability to raise bank loans depends more on their financial performance. The cost of firms’ bank loans decreases with, among all corporate governance factors, the number of supervisors on the board and increases with ownership concentration. The evidence imp lies that corporate governance p lays a limited role in the decision of granting a loan by Chinese banks.

本文以中国深沪两市A股上市公司为样本,检验了公司治理在银行信贷决策中的作用。通过检验公司治理水平对企业银行借款融资能力和融资成本的影响,我们发现,企业银行借款融资能力方面,无论长期借款还是短期借款,公司治理因素对企业银行借款融资能力均没有影响,银行更看重企业的经营状况。企业银行借款融资成本方面,我们发现公司治理机制中只有监事会特征和股权集中度对企业银行借款融资成本有显著影响。具体地,监事会规模越大,融资成本越低;股权集中度越高,融资成本越高。本文结果说明公司治理因素在我国银行放贷决策中的作用有限。

2、Fair value measurement is root stock raised from price fluctuating. The core of fair value accounting is to adjust the bookkeeping record according to current market price on different measurement time, so as to satisfy the real faithful reflection by dynamic accounting reflect, which is indicated that the inbeing of accounting is to measure value movement of a firm. Fair value accounting collides with contemporary accounting theory in the hypostasis and the objective of accounting and the quality characters of accounting information, and the like. The contemporary accounting theory based on information systems theory and historical cost principle is self-contradiction. A new accounting theory is needed to guide the fair value accounting research and practice.

3、Against the macroscopic ic backdrop of the financial crisis and the convergence of accounting internationally, this paper looks into the relationship between fair value and accounting conservatism, revolving around property rights protection. it is found through the research, that under the historical cost model, fair value and accounting conservatism are loosely linked; under fair value model, fair value and accounting conservatism are completely reversely connected; and under a mixed accounting model, fair value and accounting conservatism are in p roperalignment. In the financial crisis, the heated debate on fair value seems to be focused on“technical”issues of accounting; but in fact, it is revolved around the social aspect of accounting. Therefore the fair value has served as a jetton in the game of p roperty rights.

在金融危机和会计国际趋同的宏观背景下，以产权保护为逻辑主线，本文重点考察了公允价值与会计稳健性之间的关系。研究发现：在历史成本会计模式下，公允价值与会计稳健性之间若即若离;在公允价值会计模式下，公允价值与会计稳健性之间彻底悖离;在混合会计模式下，公允价值与会计稳健性之间适度耦合;金融危机中公允价值论战的焦点表面上是会计的“技术性”问题，实质上是会计的“社会性”问题，即公允价值充当了一个产权博弈的筹码。

4、A fraudulent financial reporting has been a major concern in the business community and the accounting professions across the world. China is presently facing the challenge of fighting fraudulent financial reporting. This paper provides an empirical study of fraudulent financial reporting in China through an analysis of the types and methods of frauds by Chinese listed companies based on the sample of 64 cases which punished by China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) over the five-year period from 2002—2006. The paper finds that a majority of the fraudulent financial reporting in the sample companies involved more than one type of frauds to provide false financial information, typically including false income statement and false disclosures. Fabricated revenues, overstating assets and hiding guarantees are the most used fraud method for false income statement, false balance sheet and false disclosure respectively. More than two methods are often used by the firms at the same time. In addition, this study finds that most of fraudulent financial reporting cases of Chinese listed companies last more than two years with the longest one being nine years. Finally, the paper proposes some suggestions to prevent and supervise it.

5、This paper, using the data of those listed firms that received unqualified audit opinions during 2004 to 2005 in the Chinese A-shares Market and measuring audit quality by the discretionary accruals calculated by the Cross- sectionals Jones Model investigates the relationship between audit committee characters and audit quality. We find that after controlling the influence of other variables ( such as auditor size, cash flow, earnings, year, whether the company is taking risk of delisting, whether the audit opinion includes emphasis), companies with audit committee got better audit quality than companies without audit committee. The older of the audit committee, the better of audit quality. Besides, the effect of audit committee in 2005 is better than 2004。

本文以中国2004年—2005年期间获得无保留审计意见的A股上市公司为研究样本,采用截面Jones模型估计出的公司操纵性应计利润(盈余管理)的绝对值作为审计质量的衡量指标,考察了审计委员会与审计质量之间的关系。研究发现,在控制了"会计师事务所规模"、"公司是否面临退市风险"、"审计意见是否带强调事项"、"公司经营活动现金流"、"公司盈余数量"、"年度"等指标后,设立审计委员会的公司的盈余管理绝对值显著比未设立审计委员会的公司小,这说明审计委员会能够显著的提高审计质量。进一步研究发现:审计委员会的成立时间越长,审计质量越高;审计委员会在2005年的作用比2004年更加显著。

6、According to the official files of Ministry of China “The interpretation of accounting standard of enterprises,No3 ” and “Notifications of well preparing 2009 annual report of the listed and unlisted companies which implemented the accounting standard”, the concept of Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) was introduced, and some relative adjustments on the reporting format of income statement and statement of changes in owners’ equity were also put forward. These guidance requirements should be implemented by the listed companies by 2009,Juanuary 1.Based on the discussion of the concept of OCI and reference standards of specific items, this paper summarize the main problems existing in the disclosures of OCI through the analysis of its presentation and disclosure situation of annual financial reports of listed companies in 2009.According to these, some proposes are raised as well to help enhance the information quality of the disclosure of OCI of listed companies.

二、汉译英

1、本文认为公允价值计量模式是与财务报告的决策有用性目标相一致的, 如果财务报告决策有用性的目标不能被推翻, 则公允价值计量模式不会被取消。但是公允价值计量模式在短期内不会成为唯一的计量模式, 21世纪将是混合计量模式的时代。既然混合计量模式将是未来相当长时期内的主要会计计量模式, 那么各财务报表项目采用何种计量属性应以财务报表需达到的质量要求为判断依据, 采用公允价值计量的项目应提高其信息质量。

1、This paper believes that fair value accounting is consistent with the decision usefulness objective of financial reporting. If the decision usefulness objective of financial reporting cannot be overthrown, the fair value measurement attribute cannot be suspended. However, the fair value measurement

attribute will not be the only measurement model in the near future, and there will be the mixed measurement model in 21 century. Since there will be the mixed accounting measurement model in a comparatively long time period, which measurement attributes to be used for the items in financial statements should be judged based on the quality characteristics required for financial statements. The items measured by fair value should be improved for their information quality.

2、当前的会计信息化理论研究多限于技术层面, 而忽视了信息化条件导致的会计理论设计基点的改变, 限制了会计的发展。会计信息化条件下可以建立内外结合的会计系统, 实现会计系统提供信息仓库平台、信息使用者自行析取所需信息的新模式, 从而引起会计理论的全面创新, 保证社会经济的高效运行。

Current theoretical research on accounting informationization is only limited to technical aspect, ignoring the change of basic point of accounting theory, and this affects the development of accounting. Accounting system which combined inside and outside factors can be established under the background of informationization，meanwhile it can also help create a database platform and found a new mode in which users can actively take advantage of information. Accounting informationization will eventually bring forward an innovation of accounting theory, as well as ensure that social economy run efficiently.

3、本文对FASB和IASB的财务业绩报告项目进行了全面的梳理和评价。认为财务业绩报告项目的研究思路以及研究中重视理论研究和利用理论研究成果的做法值得借鉴, 在我国需要加强收益相关理论的研究; 会计准则国际趋同的背景下, 国家准则的制定仍应保持一定独立和自己特色; 虽然我国新会计准则体系在短时间内不会有较大的改动, 但收益报告改革的方向是报告全面收益, 有必要循序渐进地进行收益报告的改革。

This paper gives a detailed introduction of the FASB and IASB's separate project and their jointly project on reporting financial performance. After that, it makes an overall review and a summary of enlighten from these researches, such as we could use the experience of the researches for reference, to some extent it is necessary to keep independent while establishing our accounting standards, and it also suggests proceeding in an orderly way and step by step on improving income reporting.

4、负债融资带来的股东-债权人冲突会引起股东-经理的资产替代与投资不足行为, 同时负债又可减少股东-经理冲突引起的过度投资行为, 而且不同期限结构的负债的代理成本存在差异。本文在系统回顾和评述现代公司财务学术文献中有关负债融资对企业投资行为影响的已有主要研究成果的基础上, 对该研究领域的未来发展方向进行了展望。

The stockholder-bondholder conflicts due to debt can lead to asset substitution and under-investment problem, while debt may reduce the over-investment problem arising from manager-stockholder conflicts. The agency cost arising from short-term debt is not the same as it arising from long-term debt. Based on the reviewing of the literatures relative to debt and investment behavior, this paper tried to give the direction in this research area.